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THE MISALIGNMENT OF LE1 WITH THE STAR TRACKER
1. Introduction
A previous report (ref. 1) discussed the derivation of absolute source
positions from EXOSAT images. Here we follow up the suggestion in that report
that there was a ~16" misalignment calibration error between the LE1 CMA and
the operational star tracker.
The misalignment between LE1 and the star tracker is given in the CCF (data
type BD) in the form of a matrix which specifies the values of the
misalignment angles (star tracker to LET). They are denoted as
, and
for the misalignments about the spacecraft roll, pitch and yaw axes
respectively, (the transformations are discussed in detail in refs. 1 and 2).
The misalignment values in the CCF have been 12.44", 0.87" and -1.91" for the
three angles respectively throughout the mission. Any error in these values
would cause the derived sky locations of sources to change as a function of
the spacecraft roll angle. This effect was noted for 2 sources in the
previous report and is confirmed here for many more.
The misalignment angles are measured anti-clockwise when looking at the
spacecraft. An increase in misalignment about the pitch axis would translate
into a decrease in the image x coordinate of the source. An increase in yaw
misalignment translates into an increase in the image y coordinate. An
increase in the roll misalignment would produce an anti-clockwise rotation of
source positions about the centre of the image. These shifts can be
translated into right ascension and declination when the spacecraft roll
angle is known. This is the clockwise angle measured from the north direction
to the spacecraft Z axis (yaw axis) looking at the sky. The CMA roll angle
, quoted in the tables, is measured
anti-clockwise from the Ex axis to the north direction
looking at the sky. This is thus approximately equal to the spacecraft
roll minus 180°.
In this report calibration errors refer to differences from the misalignment
values given in the CCF and are denoted by ,
,
, whereas the absolute misalignment angles that
are to replace those given in the CCF are denoted by , ,
.
So = + , ...
We initially assumed the roll misalignment error to be zero and made a
preliminary determination of the other misalignment errors. With these
preliminary pitch and yaw misalignment errors (equivalent to image x and y
shifts) included, we then searched for a roll misalignment error using off
axis sources. We determined this error to be unmeasurably small. We then
derived final pitch and yaw errors and checked them with an independent data
set.
2. Procedure
A few comments on the best way to accumulate an image for maximum positional
accuracy are in order.
1) The image must be deblurred. The inertial spacecraft attitude given as a
function of time in the housekeeping data (parameters A511 to A513) must be
taken into account when accumulating an image. The x coordinate of an event
should be increased by the pitch offset and the y coordinate shoula be
decreased by the yaw offset. Randomisation may be desirable to avoid effects
due to the pixel size of 4". (Roll deblurring is not currently done at ESOC).
Deblurring is important because there is a real 5" rotation about the pitch
axis which appears in the housekeeping and not in the auxiliary data (see
ref. 3). It also safeguards against spacecraft pointing changes and reduces
the radius of the source count distribution.
2) The correct star tracker boresight position must be used. The star tracker
was recalibrated last year, and FOT's for observations after 0900 12.8.85
have the updated auxiliary data. However, this is not the case for earlier
observations. This recalibration led to derived position changes of 1"-2".
3) Only those observations for which two guide stars give the attitude
reconstruction should be used at present. There was a calibration error in
the fine sun sensor which led to a slow drift in the true pointing position
of the spacecraft when the star tracker was used in its single star mode. In
this mode attitude reconstruction is achieved using the measured position of
the sun together with that of the star. The star tracker mode in use during
an observation is given in the auxiliary data (see ref. 4).
In this work, we have used a simple routine which calculates the barycentre
of the event distribution in order to derive the source location in detector
units.
3. Results
The existence of an error in the misalignment values in the CCF was confirmed
by a study of the derived positions of AM Her. This is shown in Figure 1.
Using the catalogue position of ref. 5, a mean radial offset of 12.8" was
determined (ie. pitch error
= -10.6", yaw error = 7.2").
Observations of E2003+225 (day 257 1983), which has a UV emitting early type
star association around it, and the Pleiades (day 39 1984), both of which
fill a substantial fraction of the whole FOV, were used to determine if there
was a roll misalignment error. Table 1 gives the details of the positions,
derived positions and implied roll misalignment error of the sources seen.
The average roll misalignment is = 0.05° ± 0.25° when all sources are given equal
weight. (The increase in width of the point spread function with distance from the
image centre counteracts the advantage of using distant sources). Thus there is no
measurable roll misalignment error. It is cl ear from this work that the roll
misalignment of 12.4", which has been in the CCF since the early days of the mission is
not a significant measurement. It was based on the derived positions of 3 on-axis
sources during the performance verification phase.
The next step was to determine the pitch and yaw misalignment error accurately
using a large number of observations. We determined the positions of sources in 42
observations of 6 objects using the technique described above and the CCF
misalignment values.
The individual results are given in table 2. The mean pitch and yaw misalignment
errors determined were =
-7.62" ± 0.55, = 9.59 ± 0.57. The true misalignments
are thus = -6.75", = 7.68".
Subtraction of the mean misalignment error values from the individual values listed in
table 2 gives a distribution of residual radial offset errors. This distribution is plotted
as a dotted histogram in figure 2. 90% of all derived positions lie within 7" of their
catalogue positions.
In order to ensure that no unexpected effects had been missed we have re-
determined the residual misalignment errors once the new misalignment values derived
from table 2 were in use. We looked at 29 observations, the details are given in table
3. The average residual misalignment errors were reduced to = -1.42", = -0.27",
the difference from zero is only of marginal significance.
Of the 71 observations analysed, 65 had radial position errors of less than 8" and 68
had errors of less than 10", the mean error is 5.6". The total distribution is shown in
figure 2 as a solid histogram.
On this basis, for other on-axis sources analysed in this way, we suggest that
authors give a 90% confidence region with a radius of 8" or a 95% confidence region
with a radius of 10".
We have been able to find no special characteristics of those observations which
produce large position errors. In particular, weak sources ( 30 counts) do not have
significantly larger position errors than stronger sources, nor do sources lying at
large distances from the image centre ( ).
4. For the Future
It is possible that an indication of the absolute accuracy could be given by the value
of the housekeeping parameter A510, the guide star separation error. This
parameter is the difference between the separation of the guide stars observed by the star tracker and that expected from the ESOC catalogue compilation. It is only valid when there are two guide stars. The star tracker specifications suggest that this
parameter should have values not significantly greater than 3", however
larger values have been reported. The effects of this on position
determination will be investigated in the future.
The Orbit and Attitide Department of ESOC have recently recalibrated the
stable pointing positions for the entire mission. In the near future they
will also provide a routine to give the time resolved attitude for
observations made using the fine sun sensor. The recalibrations will then be
automatically used in the EXOSAT Observatory. This list of recalibrated
pointing positions will, in the next month, be circulated to all EXOSAT
observers (together with the mission log). In the meantime, observers wanting
to derive accurate positions should contact the observatory.
J. Osborne
L. Angelini
5. References
1. EXOSAT Express No. 12, p.53, Aug. 1985.
2. FOT Handbook Section 7.1.7.3.
3. EXOSAT Express No.4, p.34, April 1984.
4. FOT Handbook Section 3.8.3.3.
5. Ritter, H. Astron. & Astrophys. Supp.Ser. 57, 185 (1985).
6. UCL UV Star Catalogue - see Cornocham, D. CDS Bull. 17,1979
7. Bradt, H. & McClintock J. (1983) Ann.Rev.Astron. &
Astrophys. 21, 13
8. Veron-Catty, M. & Veron, P. (1985). ESO Scientific Report
No. 4.
9. Clements, E. (1981). M.N.R.A.S. 197, 829.
10. Hewitt, A. & Burbridge, G. (198057-Ap.J.Suppl. 43, 57.
11. Argyle, R. (1983). IAU Circ. No. 3897.
Figure 1: Misalignment Calibration Check
![fig1 description above](pg347a.gif)
Figure 2: Distribution of Radial Position Errors
![fig2 description above](pg347b.gif)
TABLE 1 - ROLL MISALIGNMENT ERROR CHECK |
2003+225 FIELD (A0 mv = 7-9)
= 339° 42' |
---|
| cts |
x |
y |
RAobs* |
DECobs* |
ID |
RA+cat |
DEC+cat |
|
---|
3 | 529 | 133.97 | 200.13 | 20 04 29.72 | +22 34 06.23 | HD 190946 | 20 04 30.04 | +22 34 00.8 | 0.93 |
4 | 291 | 140.11 | 0.69 | 20 03 36.33 | +22 39 07.37 | HD 190750 | 20 03 34.34 | +22 39 12.0 | -2.13 |
5 | 321 | 374.86 | 0.98 | 20 04 00.00 | +22 53 47.78 | HD 190843 | 20 03 59.23 | +22 53 56.4 | -0.24 |
6 | 200 | -207.86 | -68.97 | 20 02 42.67 | +22 18 57.62 | HD 190591 | 20 02 40.40 | +22 18 42.9 | 0.86 |
UN1 | 223 | 482.00 | -18.50 | 20 04 05.50 | +23 00 55.83 | HD 190865 | 20 04 02.85 | +23 01 24.4 | -1.06 |
PLEIADES FIELD (A0 - B8
mv = 2.9-7.5) = 12° 49' |
---|
1 | 3445 | 10.44 | -100.55 | 3 44 30.87 | +23 57 11.41 | HD 23630 | 3 44 30.42 | +23 57 07.3 | 1.22 |
2 | 1312 | -107.23 | 228.61 | 3 46 12.16 | +23 54 23.18 | HD 23850 | 3 46 11.02 | +23 54 07.4 | 0.32 |
3 | 189 | -34.66 | 248.45 | 3 46 13.04 | +23 59 23.61 | HD 23862 | 3 46 12.39 | +23 59 07.4 | 0.22 |
4 | 1206 | 307.52 | -373.04 | 3 42 53.81 | +24 12 24.65 | HD 23408 | 3 42 50.7 | +24 12 46.7 | 0.39 |
5 | 945 | 407.17 | -461.86 | 3 42 22.00 | +24 17 34.23 | HD 23338 | 3 42 13.56 | +24 18 42.6 | -0.43 |
6 | 343 | 463.92 | -316.06 | 3 42 59.91 | +24 23 25.23 | HD 23432 | 3 42 55.36 | +24 23 59.8 | -0.14 |
7 | 943 | -71.34 | 362.08 | 3 43 21.82 | +23 47 58.52 | HD 23480 | 3 43 21.18 | +23 47 28.8 | -0.57 |
8 | 86 | 170.62 | 333.92 | 3 46 24.28 | +24 13 59.82 | HD 23873 | 3 46 22.59 | +24 13 46.7 | -0.41 |
9 | 1160 | 117.51 | -614.65 | 3 41 57.62 | +23 56 26.03 | HD 23302 | 3 41 54.05 | +23 57 27.6 | 1.71 |
*uncorrected for preliminary pitch & yaw misalignment errors. |
---|
+ catalogue position from ref. 6. |
---|
TABLE 2 |
DATE |
cts |
x |
y |
RAobs |
DECobs |
|
|
|
---|
VW Hyi (RA = 4h Dm 32s.3, DEC = -71° 25' 29" ref. 5) |
---|
340/83 | 42 | -5.26 | 1.50 | 4 9 33.61 | -71 25 18.28 | 081 13 | 4.55 | 11.55 |
126/84 | 452 | -0.83 | 9.71 | 4 9 34.80 | -71 25 39.77 | 289 11 | -7.74 | 14.10 |
301/84 | 48580 | 30.51 | 29.81 | 4 9 29.61 | -71 25 18.06 | 120 52 | -5.42 | 15.99 |
337/83 | 62 | -3.94 | 1.19 | 4 9 32.24 | -71 25 17.77 | 084 29 | -1.36 | 11.15 |
318/83 | 620 | -2.37 | -0.75 | 4 9 30.81 | -71 25 21.81 | 102 52 | -5.34 | 8.59 |
122/84 | 1105 | 5.04 | -3.15 | 4 9 35.53 | -71 25 30.78 | 291 56 | -13.65 | 7.42 |
|
---|
AM Her (RA = 18 14 58.6, DEC = +49 50 55 ref. 5) |
---|
222/83 | 170 | 1.15 | -0.04 | 18 14 59.29 | 49 50 59.39 | 315 26 | -7.81 | 1.67 |
068/84 | 146 | 1.42 | 0.27 | 18 14 57.28 | 49 50 51.79 | 165 06 | -6.38 | 11.51 |
245/84 | 1200 | 2.33 | 1.53 | 18 14 59.53 | 49 51 04.05 | 336 11 | -11.91 | 4.57 |
307/83 | 444 | 0.85 | 3.37 | 18 14 58.78 | 49 51 09.6 | 035 33 | -10.87 | 9.91 |
214/84 | 20340 | 6.48 | -0.99 | 18 15 00.15 | 49 50 59.91 | 307 21 | -14.90 | 5.19 |
301/84 | 16510 | 31.54 | 32.93 | 18 14 59.40 | 49 51 08.76 | 029 33 | -8.15 | 13.52 |
151/84 | 746 | 0.53 | -5.46 | 18 14 59.02 | 49 50 45.90 | 244 59 | -7.53 | 6.53 |
184/84 | 13670 | 10.28 | -1.37 | 18 14 59.85 | 49 50 50.79 | 277 29 | -11.44 | 5.76 |
272/84 | 14670 | 24.41 | 33.94 | 18 14 59.69 | 49 51 05.24 | 002 51 | -9.70 | 11.04 |
264/84 | 23610 | 2.21 | -87.49 | 18 14 59.11 | 49 51 04.46 | 354 25 | -9.90 | 3.99 |
|
---|
Her X-1 (RA = 16 56 01.68,DEC = 35 25 04.8 ref. 7) |
---|
217/83 | 64 | 0.91 | 0.11 | 16 56 2.08 | 35 25 07.88 | 328 39 | -5.17 | 2.57 |
225/83 | 171 | 1.77 | 0.22 | 16 56 2.21 | 35 25 09.05 | 335 02 | -6.59 | 4.08 |
061/84 | 7405 | 2.71 | 2.51 | 16 56 0.64 | 35 24 52.53 | 172 41 | -13.79 | 11.05 |
071/84 | 151 | 0.97 | 2.52 | 16 56 0.76 | 35 24 57.88 | 181 21 | -6.65 | 11.41 |
080/84 | 275 | 1.02 | 2.75 | 16 56 0.75 | 35 24 56.23 | 189 08 | -6.66 | 12.59 |
096/84 | 3975 | -2.80 | 10.34 | 10 56 0.66 | 35 24 53.28 | 202 49 | -5.78 | 15.96 |
130/84 | 45520 | 1.91 | 1.79 | 16 56 1.93 | 35 24 50.87 | 238 40 | -9.86 | 10.31 |
197/84 | 1859 | -3.59 | -1.18 | 16 56 2.34 | 35 25 00.90 | 310 24 | -3.62 | 8.20 |
235/84 | 10700 | 2.12 | -1.32 | 16 56 2.25 | 35 25 10.67 | 343 28 | -7.61 | 5.01 |
270/84 | 4252 | 33.62 | 27.44 | 16 56 2.39 | 35 25 12.37 | 013 30 | -5.34 | 10.21 |
DATE |
cts |
x |
y |
RAobs |
DECobs |
|
|
|
---|
|
---|
3C273 (RA = 12 26 33.2, DEC = +02 19 43 ref. 8) |
---|
351/83 | 1235 | -2.46 | 4.05 | 12 26 32.24 | 02 19 43.57 | 156 07 | -5.30 | 13.39 |
029/84 | 511 | -1.65 | 3.72 | 12 26 32.16 | 02 19 39.55 | 158 42 | -8.88 | 13.27 |
137/84 | 1003 | 0.45 | 0.25 | 12 26 34.01 | 02 19 51.14 | 332 44 | -12.80 | 7.06 |
|
---|
3C120 (RA - 4 30 31.61, DEC = +05 14 59.79 ref. 9) |
---|
228/83 | 741 | 28.40 | -114.62 | 04 30 31.47 | 05 14 51.00 | 192 58 | -8.10 | 4.01 |
044/85 | 491 | 0.95 | 148.82 | 04 30 31.86 | 05 15 11.09 | 012 26 | -10.14 | 6.06 |
|
---|
IRAS 1883+326 (2A = 1S' 33 11.97, DEC = +32 39 18.22 ref. 9) |
---|
187/85 | 573 | 24.45 | 30.84 | 18 33 12.53 | 32 39 06.34 | 277 50 | -5.39 | 12.73 |
195/85 | 379 | 36.80 | 35.26 | 18 33 12.69 | 32 39 08.70 | 285 55 | -6.13 | 11.65 |
204/85 | 167 | 33.16 | 25.51 | 18 33 12.72 | 32 39 13.71 | 297 16 | -6.35 | 8.35 |
211/85 | 120 | 35.67 | 33.91 | 18 33 12.99 | 32 39 11.67 | 304 25 | -6.93 | 12.45 |
211/85 | 240 | 35.80 | 26.21 | 18 33 13.05 | 32 39 17.38 | 304 25 | -10.78 | 8.40 |
223/85 | 226 | 38.04 | 24.69 | 18 33 13.09 | 32 39 20.29 | 317 08 | -11.14 | 8.96 |
233/85 | 360 | 30.46 | 32.16 | 18 33 13.10 | 32 39 19.10 | 326 41 | -8.57 | 11.44 |
246/85 | 284 | 26.61 | 23.66 | 18 33 12.90 | 32 39 19.21 | 338 54 | -5.15 | 10.60 |
256/85 | 391 | 31.32 | 35.81 | 18 33 13.25 | 32 39 20.62 | 347 17 | -5.90 | 15.24 |
257/85 | 50 | 28.50 | 25.87 | 18 33 13.15 | 32 39 22.76 | 347 17 | -7.71 | 13.54 |
273/85 | 227 | 27.19 | 33.63 | 18 33 12.89 | 32 39 20.96 | 000 57 | -2.25 | 11.66 |
TABLE 3 |
NAME |
DATE |
cts |
x |
y |
|
RAobs |
DECobs |
RAcat |
DECcat |
REF. |
|
|
---|
2223-052 | 152/84 | 13 | -0.80 | -8.70 | 201 35 | 22 23 11.21 | -5 12 19.22 | 22 23 11.05 | -5 12 17.0 | 10 | 2.96 | 1.36 |
1207+39 | 154/84 | 32 | 2.00 | -2.72 | 329 03 | 12 08 01.07 | 39 41 10.46 | 12 08 01.06 | 39 41 01.8 | 9 | -7.49 | -4.35 |
1207+39 | 311/83 | 86 | -3.04 | 2.01 | 131 39 | 12 08 00.87 | 39 41 03.09 | 12 08 01.06 | 39 41 01.8 | 9 | -0.78 | 2.42 |
1207+39 | 323/83 | 28 | -5.20 | 1.54 | 139 43 | 12 08 01.32 | 39 41 10.85 | 12 08 01.06 | 39 41 01.8 | 9 | 8.84 | 3.56 |
1207+39 | 109/84 | 122 | -4.03 | -3.85 | 299 41 | 12 08 01.00 | 39 41 04.40 | 12 08 01.06 | 39 41 01.8 | 9 | -0.69 | -2.60 |
1207+39 | 002/85 | 86 | 26.61 | -37.88 | 167 50 | 12 08 00.89 | 39 40 49.99 | 12 08 01.06 | 39 41 01.8 | 9 | -11.96 | -0.57 |
MKN501 | 032/84 | 880 | -38.37 | 33.41 | 148 10 | 16 52 11.96 | 39 50 19.88 | 16 52 11.73 | 39 50 26.0 | 10 | -3.80 | -5.48 |
MKN501 | 034/84 | 1260 | -39.06 | 33.30 | 149 25 | 16 52 11.74 | 39 50 22.27 | 16 52 11.73 | 39 50 26.0 | 10 | -3.15 | -2.00 |
LMC X-4 | 291/83 | 2020 | 4.52 | -74.55 | 149 09 | 5 32 47.57 | -66 24 18.13 | 5 32 47.3 | -66 24 13 | 7 | -3.57 | -4.02 |
LMC X-4 | 303/83 | 13 | 3.00 | 1.00 | 138 13 | 5 32 46.85 | -66 24 19.28 | 5 32 47.3 | -66 24 13 | 7 | -6.48 | -2.17 |
LMC X-4 | 116/84 | 40 | -1.83 | 3.09 | 319 40 | 5 32 47.12 | -66 24 13.58 | 5 32 47.3 | -66 24 13 | 7 | 1.14 | -0.45 |
| SU UMa | 077/84 | 184 | -0.68 | 4.87 | 328 51 | 8 08 05.55 | 62 45 21.59 | 8 08 05.5 | 62 45 23 | 7 | 1.03 | 1.02 |
NGC3783 | 162/84 | 173 | -2.05 | -1.01 | 343 18 | 11 36 32.79 | -37 27 44.69 | 11 36 33.0 | -37 27 40.9 | 8 | 4.35 | -1.31 |
| NGC5506 | 235/83 | 17 | -8.42 | -5.25 | 345 21 | 14 10 39.39 | -2 58 32.27 | 14 10 39.13 | -2 58 26.26 | 9 | 4.85 | 5.29 |
| NGC5506 | 061/84 | 20 | 12.15 | 11.24 | 167 44 | 14 10 38.90 | -2 58 32.93 | 14 10 39.13 | -2 58 26.26 | 9 | -7.25 | 1.95 |
| EX Hya | 035/84 | 4753 | -4.58 | 8.16 | 147 10 | 12 49 42.31 | -28 58 38.91 | 12 49 42.6 | -28 58 40 | 5 | -1.15 | 3.79 |
| EX Hya | 195/85 | 5116 | 36.11 | 35.04 | 335 34 | 12 49 42.82 | -28 58 45.45 | 12 49 42.6 | -28 58 40 | 5 | 3.77 | 4.88 |
| SS Cyg | 315/83 | 191 | 3.34 | 3.40 | 005 58 | 21 40 44.53 | 43 21 25.70 | 21 40 44.5 | 43 21 23 | 5 | -2.65 | 0.61 |
| SS Cyg | 338/83 | 4426 | 1.64 | 4.58 | 025 34 | 21 40 44.95 | 43 21 22.80 | 21 40 44.5 | 43 21 23 | 5 | 2.30 | 4.34 |
| VV Pup | 036/84 | 4288 | 1.99 | -1.71 | 067 34 | 8 12 51.52 | -18 54 06.29 | 8 12 52.2 | -18 54 02 | 5 | -7.28 | -7.65 |
| Cyg X-1 | 142/84 | 3397 | 4.37 | -5.47 | 213 14 | 19 56 29.12 | 35 03 52.37 | 13 56 28.87 | 35 03 55 | 7 | -3.88 | -1.13 |
| Cyg X-1 | 189/84 | 4276 | 5.52 | -2.79 | 256 49 | 19 56 29.14 | 35 03 56.83 | 19 56 28.87 | 35 03 55 | 7 | -2.81 | -2.54 |
| Cyg X-2 | 263/83 | 10210 | 0.93 | 3.11 | 313 58 | 21 42 36.99 | 38 05 21.60 | 21 42 36.9 | 38 05 28 | 7 | 3.68 | 5.34 |
| Cyg X-2 | 265/83 | 16110 | 0.13 | 2.86 | 316 09 | 21 42 36.76 | 38 05 20.45 | 21 42 36.9 | 38 05 28 | 7 | 6.59 | 4.04 |
V0332+53 | 332/83 | 32 | 5.77 | 0.07 | 288 49 | 3 31 15.44 | 53 00 29.18 | 3 31 14.9 | 53 00 25 | 11 | -5.96 | -2.39 |
| 3C390.3 | 153/84 | 26 | -1.38 | -5.50 | 239 19 | 18 45 39.19 | 79 43 09.74 | 18 45 37.6 | 79 43 6 | 9 | -1.75 | -5.39 |
| 0311-227 | 333/83 | 11560 | 2.28 | 1.58 | 069 27 | 3 11 59.65 | -22 46 48.88 | 3 12 00 | -22 46 47 | 5 | -3.87 | -3.46 |
| E1405-227 | 084/84 | 2471 | 2.19 | 1.79 | 128 12 | 14 05 57.57 | -45 03 08.79 | 14 05 58.2 | -45 03 06 | 5 | -6.97 | 1.94 |
| AN UMa | 102/84 | 3565 | 0.92 | 1.20 | 309 48 | 11 01 35.36 | 45 19 27.67 | 11 01 35.6 | 45 19 26 | 5 | 0.88 | -2.90 |
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