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NICER


NICER mounted on the International Space Station

The Neutron star Interior Composition ExploreR (NICER) was a NASA experiment placed on the International Space Station (ISS). NICER observed the sky in the X-ray band (0.2–12 keV) with large collective area and fine time resolution. It was launched on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket on June 3, 2017, and commenced operations on June 14. The mission was approved for 18 months of operations that was extended in March 2019. The mission wass suspended since 17 Jun 2025 when a hardware anomaly in the pointing system made it impossible to track sources.

Mission Characteristics

Lifetime
14 Jun 2017–17 Jun 2025
Special Features
Concentrator optics with high temporal and moderate spectral resolution

Payload

X-ray Timing Instrument (XTI)

Energy Range
0.2–12 keV
Effective Area
>2000 cm2 at 1.5 keV
Field of View
5′ (non-imaging)
Energy Resolution
85 eV at 1 keV
137 eV at 6 keV
Time Resolution
100 ns
XTI consisted of aligned collection of 56 X-ray “concentrator” optics (XRC) and silicon drift detector (SDD) pairs. Each XRC collected X-rays over a large geometric area from a roughly 30 arcmin2 region of the sky and focuses them onto a small SDD. The SDD detected individual photons, recording their energies with good (few percent) spectral resolution and their detection times to 100 nanoseconds RMS relative to Universal Time. Together, this assemblage provided a high signal-to-noise-ratio photon-counting capability within the 0.2–12 keV X-ray band, perfectly matched to the typical spectra of neutron stars as well as a broad collection of other astrophysical sources.

Science Highlights

  • Demonstration of Station Explorer for X-ray Timing and Navigation Technology (SEXTANT) using pulsar timing to provide navigation
  • Investigated extreme gravity, density and magnetic fields found in neutron stars
  • Measure neutron stars radius and mass with unprecedented accuracy

Archive

The HEASARC hosts NICER data