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ACTIVE MISSIONS
   AGILE
   AstroSat
   Chandra
   Fermi
   Hitomi
   INTEGRAL
   MAXI
   NICER
   NuSTAR
   Swift
   XMM-Newton
PAST MISSIONS
   ANS    ARIEL V
   ASCA    BBXRT
   BeppoSAX    CGRO
   COPERNICUS    COS-B
   DXS    EINSTEIN
   EUVE    EXOSAT
   GINGA    GRANAT
   HAKUCHO    HEAO-1
   HEAO-3    HETE-2
   OSO-7    OSO-8
   ROSAT    Rossi XTE
   SAS-2    SAS-3
   Suzaku    TENMA
   UHURU    VELA 5B

Proton 1 & Proton 2

artist concept of Proton

* Mission Overview

Proton 1 was launched 16 July 1965 by the USSR into an orbit with apogee 589 km, perigee 183 km, and inclination 63.4 degrees. The orbital period was 92.25 minutes. The satellite weighed 12,200 kg. It was cylindrical in shape with convex ends. The experimental payload included instruments for monitoring cosmic rays with energies up to 1 X 1014 eV, determining the intensity and energy spectrum of galactic electrons, and measuring the intensity and energy spectrum of cosmic gamma-rays over 50 MeV. The satellite reentered the Earth's atmosphere on 11 October 1965.

Proton 2, physically identical to Proton 1, was launched on 2 November 1965. Its orbital parameters were: apogee 637 km, perigee 191 km, inclination 63.5 degrees. The orbital period was 92.6 minutes. It carried the same payload as Proton 1, again with the primary interest being ultra-high energy cosmic particles. It decayed on 6 February 1966.

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